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Улемы и конфессиональная политика восточного отдела ОГПУ в Ташкенте (1917–1927)
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Аннотация
Настоящая статья посвящена конфессиональной ситуации в Ташкенте и истории формирования политической полиции (Восточный отдел ОГПУ) в первое десятилетие после Октябрьской революции. В статье рассмотрена проблематика противоборства идеологических течений улемов, известных в научной литературе как «джадиды» и «кадимисты». Эти условные категории обозначали границы лояльности улемов к советской политической системе. В статье особое внимание уделено реформам, в которых принимали участие улемы. В ходе исследования было установлено, что политическая полиция взяла под контроль созданную улемами организацию Махкамайи шар‘ийа, а затем изменила ее статус на временное Центральное духовное управление мусульман Туркестана. После этого улемы стали выступать в роли официальных посредников, ответственных за советизацию и модернизацию региона. Альянс ВО ОГПУ с улемами являлся залогом стабилизации советского порядка. Однако пристальный контроль политической полиции за улемами не означал, что они полностью подчинялись советской власти и поддерживали программу большевистской модернизации. Улемы проявляли себя независимыми акторами и продвигали собственное понимание культурных и политических трансформаций.
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Литература
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