Phobia of Islamophobia as the Basis for ‘Critical Muslim Studies’. How Ideology Became a Methodology for the Study of Islamic Communities in the West


Sofya Ragozina

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.10.2.02

Full Text:

PDF

Abstract


This article aims to deconstruct the research field of “critical Muslim studies” that is emerging within Western academic discourse. It seeks to expose the postcolonial injustices that Muslims are subjected to in the allocation of symbolic resources. Islamophobia is almost the dominant subject of research here, and the line between political activism related to the struggle for minority rights and academic knowledge becomes completely permeable. This article describes the epistemological foundations of critical Muslim studies and its conceptual language, developed by its proponents within the framework of postcolonial theory, related to the notions of racialization, Orientalization (and self-Orientalization), Eurocentrism and Westernization. The institutionalization of this trend is examined through selected European and American examples. Examination of the volume Islamophobia in Muslim Majority Countries demonstrates how left-liberal ideology, included in the production of academic knowledge, turns into a fully-fledged methodology that is desirable to a wide range of researchers.


Keywords


Islamophobia, sociology of Islam, Postcolonial Studies, Orientalism, Leftist ideologies.

References


About us. The Runnymede Trust. Retrieved from http://www.runnymedetrust.org/about.html.

Ahmed, S., Matthes, J. (2017). Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: A meta-analysis. The International Communication Gazette, 79(3), 219-244.

Ali Shah, S.F.Z. (2019). Post-coloniality, Islamization and secular elites: tracing Islamophobia in Pakistan. In E. Bayrakli, F. Hafez (Eds.), Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies (pp. 59-70). Routledge.

Aslan, A. (2019). The politics of Islamophobia in Turkey. In E. Bayrakli, F. Hafez (Eds.), Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies (pp. 71-92). Routledge.

Bayrakli, E., Hafez, F. (2016). European Islamophobia Report 2015. SETA Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.islamophobiaeurope.com/reports/2015/en/EIR_2015.pdf.

Bayrakli, E., Hafez, F. (2019b). European Islamophobia Report 2018. SETA Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.setav.org/en/european-islamophobia-report-2018-eir2018/.

Bayrakli, E., Hafez, F. (2020). European Islamophobia Report 2019. SETA Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.islamophobiaeurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/EIR_2019.pdf.

Bayrakli, E., Hafez, F. (eds) (2019a). Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies. Routledge.

Bayrakli, E., Hafez, F. (2019c). Making sense of Islamophobia in Muslim societies. In E. Bayrakli, F. Hafez (Eds.), Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies (pp. 5-20). Routledge.

Bazian, H. (2019). Call for Papers. Virtual Internment Islamophobia, Social Technologies of Surveillance & Unequal Citizenship. Islamophobia Research and Documentation Project. Retrieved from https://irdproject.com/call-for-papers/.

Bazian, H. (2019). ’Religion-building’ and foreign policy. In E. Bayrakli, F. Hafez (Eds.), Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies (pp. 21-44). Routledge.

Beka, R. (2019). Islamophobia in the contemporary Albanian public discourse. In E. Bayrakli, F. Hafez (Eds.), Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies (pp. 45-58). Routledge.

Council on American Islamic Relations. Retrieved from https://www.cair.com/.

Haas Institute for Fair and Inclusive Society. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/research-unit/haas-institute-fair-and-inclusive-society.

Kazula, F.P. (2009). Teoriia diskurs i diskurs-analiz: kak idei I simvoly formiruiut politiku? [Theory of discourse and discourse-analysis: how ideas formulate politics]. Politicheskaia nauka [Political Science], 4, 59-78.

Kepel, G. (2006). The War for Muslim Minds. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

Kosba, M. (2019). Paradoxical Islamophobia and post-colonial cultural nationalism in post-revolutionary Egypt. In E. Bayrakli, F. Hafez (Eds.), Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies (pp. 107-124). Routledge.

Laclau E., Mouffe Ch. (2001). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards Radical Democratic Politics (2nd ed.). London, New York: Verso.

Lee, E., Beydoun, Kh., Green, T., Bazian, H. (2019). Islamophobia, Anti-Semitism and White Supremacy. C-SPAN, 28 March. Retrieved from https://www.c-span.org/video/?459054-2/islamophobia-anti-semitism-white-supremacy.

Loomba, A. (2005) Colonialism / Postcolonialism (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Mamdani, M. (2005). Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. Harmony.

Meer, N. (2014). Islamophobia and postcolonialism: continuity, Orientalism and Muslim consciousness. Patterns of Prejudice, 48(5), 500-515.

Reorienting The Post-Western: 1st International Conference On Critical Muslim Studies. University of Leeds. Retrieved from https://www.criticalmuslimstudies.co.uk/1st-international-conference-cms/.

Roy, О. (2006). “Dlia Frantsii islam ne predstavliaet kakoi-to osoboi problem…” [“Islam is not a problem for France…”]. Inostrannaia literatura [Foreign Literature], 9. Retrieved from http://magazines.russ.ru/inostran/2006/9/pu14.html.

Silverstein, P. (2005). Immigrant racialization and the new savage slot: race, migration, and immigration in the New Europe. Annual Review of Anthropology, 34, 363-384.

Sunier, Th. (2014). Domesticating Islam: exploring academic knowledge production on Islam and Muslims in European societies. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(6), 1138-1155.

The 10th Annual International Islamophobia Conference: Virtual Internment: Islamophobia, Social Technologies Of Surveillance And Unequal Citizenship. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from https://www.crg.berkeley.edu/events/the-10th-annual-international-islamophobia-conference/.

Vizgin, V.P. Epistema [Episteme]. Novaia filosofskia entsiklopediia [New philosophic encyclopedia] Retrieved from https://iphlib.ru/library/collection/newphilenc/document/HASH44301b0f953f03ce43a844.



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.10.2.02